Hawaii (awaiian: Hawaii) () 21. 1959. . (), 2,300 (3,700 km) , 2118?41?N, 15747?47?W. 19. the Sandwich Islands.
In dialects of American English, "Hawaii" is pronounced at least three different ways. In the Hawaiian language, there is also some variation possible, but the most general pronunciation is [h?.v?i]. This last Hawaiian pronunciation is often used by native-English-speaking Hawaii residents, as well.
Archaeologic evidence points to earliest habitation in the 11th Century ACE, probably by Polynesian settlers from the Marquesas, Raiatea and Bora Bora. The first recorded European contact with the islands was in 1778 by British explorer James Cook. However, substantial evidence (Stokes 1932 for example) exists of earlier Spanish visits to Hawaii. Hawaii was an independent kingdom from 1810 until 1893, when the monarchy was overthrown. It became a U.S. territory in 1900 and has been a state since 1959.
Location, topography, and geology
An archipelago in the mid-Pacific and, thus, commonly included in Oceania, Hawaii is the southernmost state of the United States; it would be the westernmost, if not for Alaska. It is one of the only two states (Alaska is the other) that are outside the contiguous United States, and do not share a border with another U.S. state. Hawai?i is the only state that (1) is without territory on the mainland of any continent; (2) is completely surrounded by water; and (3) continues to grow in area because of active extrusive lava flows, most notably from Kilauea (Kilauea).
Except for Easter Island, Hawaii is farther away from land than any other landmass on Earth. Hawaii's tallest mountain, Mauna Kea stands over 13,000 feet (4,000 meters) and is taller than Mount Everest if followed to its base at the floor of the Pacific Ocean.
The Hawaiian Archipelago comprises eight islands and atolls extending across a distance of 1,500 miles (2,400 km). Of these, eight high islands are considered the "main islands" and are located at the southeastern end of the archipelago. These islands are, in order from the northwest to southeast, Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Kahoolawe, Maui, and Hawaii. The latter is by far the largest, and is very often called the "Big Island" or "Big Isle". The use of that alternative name is often motivated by a desire to avoid ambiguity with "Hawai?i" meaning the entire state (all of the islands), as opposed to only that one island. |